linux expect自动登录ssh,ftp

expect是一种能够按照脚本内容里面设定的方式与交互式程序进行”会话”的程序。根据脚本内容，Expect可以知道程序会提示或反馈什么内容以及什么是正确的应答。它是一种可以提供”分支和嵌套结构”来引导程序流程的解释型脚本语言。

shell功能很强大,但是不能实现有交互功能的多机器之前的操作,例如ssh和ftp.而expect可以帮助我们来实现.

安装expect

yum install expect

其实expect根bash形势上差不多的.

实例

#!/wp-content/bin/expect -f
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]      //接收第一个参数,并设置IP
set password [lindex $argv 1 ]    //接收第二个参数,并设置密码
set timeout 10                    //设置超时时间
spawn ssh root@$ip        //发送ssh请滶
expect {                  //返回信息匹配
" *yes/no " { send " yes\r "; exp_continue}   //第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续
" *password: " { send " $password\r " }       //出现密码提示,发送密码
}
interact           //交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面.

运行结果如下:

root@ubuntu:/home/w23ta0# ./test.exp 192.168.1.130 admin
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130
Last login: Fri Sep  7 10:47:43 2012 from 192.168.1.142
[root@linux ~]#

这个例子有统一的接口,根据IP和密码可以连接到不同的机器. 如果你嫌输入IP和密码麻烦,看下面的例子

#!/wp-content/bin/expect -f
 set  ip 192.168.1.130
 set  password admin
 set  timeout 10
 spawn ssh root@$ip
 expect {
 " *yes/no " { send " yes\r "; exp_continue}
 " *password: " { send " $password\r " }
 }
 interact

运行结果如下:

root@ubuntu:/home/w23ta0# ./web.exp
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130
Last login: Fri Sep  7 12:59:02 2012 from 192.168.1.142
[root@linux ~]#

ssh远程登录到服务器,并且执行命令,执行完后并退出

#!/wp-content/bin/expect -f
 set  ip 192.168.1.130
 set  password admin
 set  timeout 10
 spawn ssh root@$ip
 expect {
 " *yes/no " { send " yes\r "; exp_continue}
 " *password: " { send " $password\r " }
 }
 expect " #* "
 send " pwd\r "
 send  " exit\r "
 expect eof

运行结果如下:

root@ubuntu:/home/w23ta0# ./test3.exp
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130
root@192.168.1.130's password:
Last login: Fri Sep  7 14:05:07 2012 from 116.246.27.90
[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/root
[root@localhost ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.1.130 closed.

远程登录到ftp,并且下载文件

#!/wp-content/bin/expect -f
 set  ip [lindex $argv 0 ]
 set  dir [lindex $argv 1 ]
 set  file [lindex $argv 2 ]
 set  timeout 10
 spawn ftp $ip
 expect " Name* "
 send " zwh\r "
 expect " Password:* "
 send " zwh\r "
 expect " ftp>* "
 send " lcd $dir\r "
 expect {
 " *file "  { send_user " local $_dir No such file or directory ";send " quit\r " }
 " *now* "  { send " get $dir/$file $dir/$file\r "}
 }
 expect {
 " *Failed " { send_user " remote $file No such file ";send " quit\r " }
 " *OK "     { send_user " $file has been download\r ";send " quit\r "}
 }
 expect eof

运行结果如下:

 root@ubuntu:/home/w23ta0# ./test2.exp 192.168.1.130 /var/www/www aaa.html
spawn ftp 192.168.1.130
Connected to 192.168.1.130.
220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
Name (192.168.1.130:root): zwh
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type  is  UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> lcd /var/www/www
Local directory now /var/www/www
ftp>  get  /var/www/www/aaa.html /var/www/www/aaa.html
local: /var/www/www/aaa.html remote: /var/www/www/aaa.html
200 PORT command successful. Consider  using  PASV.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection  for  /var/www/www/aaa.html (66 bytes).
226 File send OK.
66 bytes received  in  0.00 secs (515.6 kB/s)
quit aaa.html has been download
221 Goodbye.

安装expect

实例

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